1. Poverty due to reduced farm productivity

• Due to soil erosion and lowering of the water bearing capacity of the soil, farm productivity is reduced which leads to low income and eventually poverty.
  

2. Non-adoption of soil and water conservation measures

• Leads to loss of good soil which also contributes to loss of water bearing capacity.

3. Lack of security of tenure of farmers

• Leads to encroachment and illegal occupancy of forestlands since they are displaced from the farms they till whenever these lands are used by its rightful owners.

4. Inadequate government program on sustainable upland agriculture

• Insufficient government agencies’ mechanisms (institutional, financial, policy, infrastructure, etc.) to promote sustainable agriculture in the uplands.
  

• Cause of regress to the impoverished situation of the upland farmers.

5. Improper use of pesticides including disposal of pesticidal wastes

• Potential source of contamination of rivers and ground water

6. Erosion due to flooding

• Loss in soil productivity